Damascene or "Damasquino" is the art of decorating non-precious metals with gold. It has roots in the Middle Ages and originates from the oriental-style artisan work done in Damascus, Syria. The craft has remained virtually unchanged over the centuries. Damascene jewelry items generally reflect two distinct patterns; the "Arabesque" or geometric designs, and "Renaissance" motifs, displaying variations of birds and flowers. These patterns are obtained by engraving deep, patterned cuts into steel and then placing a gold foil into the lines of the design. This foil is hammered until the gold penetrates into the cuts forming the design. Each piece is treated with a solution to obtain oxidation and a black background is created. Toledo is the world's largest center of production of Damascene or "Damasquino".